Late effects of prematurity: Psychiatric outcomes of 17‐year‐olds born very preterm

Aim Very preterm (VPT) birth is a known early vulnerability factor, impacting both physical and mental health over the life‐span. The additional burden of psychiatric illness in VPT adolescents is likely to adversely affect critical developmental tasks and personal, social and academic/vocational trajectories. Our aim was to examine the magnitude and extent of the risk of psychological burden by determining the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in our prospectively followed‐up VPT and full‐term (FT) control cohorts, in this period of developmental transition at age 17 years. Methods Rates of psychiatric disorder in the VPT and FT control cohorts were ascertained at clinical interview of the adolescents and their care giver(s) by an adolescent psychiatrist. Results VPT birth was associated with a greater risk of generalised anxiety disorder (VPT vs. FT risk ratio (RR) 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 4.67, P = 0.02), as well as attentional problems (VPT vs. FT RR 3.46; 95% CI: 1.01, 11.88, P = 0.03). Although care givers of VPT adolescents reported many social and communication difficulties, and observation at clinical interview supported this, our data did not reach clinical threshold for group differences in autistic spectrum disorder. For all other psychiatric disorders, there was no difference between VPT and FT control adolescents. Conclusion Our longitudinal cohort follow‐up study examining the late effects of VPT birth has demonstrated increased rates of clinically significant psychiatric disorder in this period of important developmental transition. Families and health professionals need to be aware of the increased risk so they can monitor for symptoms and seek effective mental health treatments and support.