The rotation of Phallus impudicus benefits the soil microenvironment via improving the soil microbiome structure and soil properties

Abstract Backgroud: Rhizosphere microbiome play vital roles in soil nutrient cylcling and plant growth, their diversity and composition are commonly influenced by soil management systems. Currently, however, the specific dynamic of microbial community in cultivation of Gastrodia elata and rotation of Phallus impudicus remains unknown. To narrow this knowledge gap, soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of G. elata cultivation and rotation of P. impudicus management were analyzed and compared. Results: The results revealed that the cultivation of G. elata and rotation of P. impudicus both increased the diversity, complexity, and stability of the soil microbiome structure and reshaped the soil microbiota composition. In addition, the cultivation of P . impudicus reversed the G. elata- induced decrease in soil pH and nutrient levels, increased soil humification and improved humus composition. The RDA result indicated that the soil microbial community strongly correlates with soil pH and exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio, indicating that soil nutrient levels play dominant roles in soil microbial community improvement in this rotation management system. Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into microbiome assembly and soil physicochemical properties in cultivation of G. elata and rotation of P. impudicus , rotation affected soil microorganisms mainly through changes in soil nutrient profile and might have potential benefits in next growing season. In addition, our results highlight the importance of rotaion management during artificial cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine for sustainable development.