Removal of atmospheric methane by soil ecosystems and its controlling variables from microbial to global scales

Methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, plays a pivotal role in the dynamics of climate change. While CH4 emissions have been widely investigated, biological removal of CH4 by upland soils has been less explored. Understanding the mechanisms and factors affecting CH4 oxidation in soils is of paramount importance for devising successful mitigation strategies. This perspective paper discusses different types of aerobic methanotrophs and their activities under varying environmental conditions, highlighting the significant contribution of soil ecosystems to global CH4 sinks. We emphasize the need for in-depth research on variables controlling CH4 sinks on different spatiotemporal scales and the exploration of previously unidentified CH4 sinks, such as deserts and areas of glacier retreat.