Paeniclostridium

Abstract Pae.ni.clos.trid'i.um L. adv. paene, almost; N.L. neut. dim. n. Clostridium, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. dim. n. Paeniclostridium, almost a Clostridium . Bacillota / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Peptostreptococcaceae / Paeniclostridium Gram‐stain‐positive and rod‐shaped. Cells are motile by peritrichous flagella and multiply by binary fission. Strains produce endospores. Obligate anaerobes and prefer mesophilic conditions for growth. Catalase and oxidase negative. Meat and casein are digested. Lipase and indole test positive. Gelatin hydrolysis varies. Produces H 2 and lecithinase. Members grow chemoorganoheterotrophically on a number of organic substrates. NaCl and growth factors are not necessary for growth. Strains are widely distributed and have been isolated from soil, marine sediment, human feces, and clinical specimens (soft tissue, lesions, and wounds). Many of the strains of Paeniclostridium sordellii are nonpathogenic, but some virulent strains can cause rare and fatal infections in humans. Peptidoglycan predominantly contains meso‐diaminopimelate (DAP). Major fatty acids are C 12 –C 18 , branched and unbranched fatty acids with minor amounts of C 19:0 cycloω8 c fatty acid. Members contain diphosophatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and two unidentified amino lipids as major polar lipids. Phylogenetically a member of the family Peptostreptococcaceae . DNA G + C content (mol%) : 26–27 ( T m ). Type species : Paeniclostridium ghonii Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2016 VP (basonym: Clostridium ghonii Prévot 1938 AL ).