A Holistic Review on E-Mobility Service Optimization: Challenges, Recent Progress and Future Directions

In recent years, countries around the world have attached great attention to the development of transportation electrification. As an alternative to achieve carbon neutrality, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are deemed as the goal of vehicle transformation to achieve zero carbon emissions. However, the challenges of EV energy supplementation has not been adequately investigated, causing the concerns on range anxiety, inconvenience of perceive charging service etc. By identifying stakeholders and investigating various services under the umbrella of E-mobility services, this paper firstly introduces the concept, population and challenges of EVs as the key enabler of Electro-Mobility (E-Mobility), and then summarizes recent E-Mobility services with holistic insight. Then, overviews of plug-in charging, battery swapping, vehicle to vehicle charging, mobile and wireless charging are introduced, including the objectives, risks and their service optimization categories. Further to literature review, concern on identifying the gap between academia and industry application is also provided to help coach the technology transformation. From our review, it is observed that flexible and emerging service modes beyond plug-in charging has been receiving great attention from both academia and industry. Therefore, several recent market efforts have been showcased, by following the summarization of mainstream optimization methods been applied for E-Mobility services. Finally, this paper is concluded with several future direction highlights including integration of multi-energy source, concern on cyber security, application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and promotion of global policy to guide with wide communities.