Extraction of oil from velvet seed to produce biodiesel for the Synthesis of Surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES)

Abstract This research encompasses the extraction of oil from velvet seed to produce biodiesel for the synthesis of surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES). In the local government of koro-Ekiti in Kwara State in mr siji abayomi’s farm the velvet seed were harvested, which was then cleaned, dried, and ground. Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract oil from velvet seed at an optimum conduction of concentration of mass to solvent ratio, temperature and time. The was oil refined and trans-esterification using a mole ratio of 1:10 for the oil and methanol, the best optimum oil yield was employed to manufacture biodiesel. MES surfactant was then created using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) as the sulfonating agent. The results from the design expert's analysis for the optimization of the extraction process of velvet seed oil indicate that from the ANOVA the F-value and P values are significant for the parametric condition because the values of R 2 and R 2 adj are 0.9774 and 0.9571, respectively, which are very close to 1.The findings of the analysis of velvet oil, biodiesel, and diesel from fuel stations were studied and characterized using the physio-chemical characteristics, GCMS, FTIR, and surface tensiometer of velvet seed. As demonstrated by the FTIR and surface tensiometer results, the ideal MES sample can easily produce an oil/water emulsion due to its low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.080g/L and surface tension of 36.78, 32.10, and 34.16 mN/m at varying pH levels of 5, 7, and 8. The presence of Methylene bending vibration make it good reagent for the production of surfactant at a peak value of 79.54% as examined by the FTIR.The H-CH rocking (bending) vibration of the methylene group strengthens C-O stretching vibration of ester groups at 64.32% of lower wavelength.