The global genomic allelic heterogeneity of the HOXB 13 variants of prostate cancer and gene therapy application for different genealogical lineages of the Y-chromosome haplogroups and haplotypes of STR microsatellites

This chapter provides a new approach for understanding the association between prostate cancer (PCa) mutation and the genealogical lineages of the Y-chromosome haplogroups of different ancestral genealogical lineages. Our accumulative research findings over the last three decades on both single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations of PCa on chromosome 17 and the Y-chromosome microsatellite short tandem repeat haplogroups have conclusively provided evidence regarding an allelic heterogeneity between different populations and ethnicity worldwide. Therefore this chapter aims to underline the importance of national screening programs on the PCa SNP mutation as correlated to different haplogroups and haplotypes of Y-chromosome in different global populations and ethnicity clusters in order to establish a gene therapy platform as a pioneering therapeutic approach by 2030 and the future beyond. To this extent, the available gene therapy technology (Ad- and nonviral) provides the alternative pioneering future platform for better treatment and management as the urgent need to promote PCa healthcare management. Such approaches must be accompanied with or based on national programs for profiling the Y-chromosome haplogroups, which will be a vital and valuable tool for promoting our understanding of the complexity of PCa’s genealogical lineage. Moreover, this will eventually enhance the health awareness of the global public to facilitate gene therapy practices and thus the overall management of familial cancer disease in the region.