Diagnostic Study of Mandibular Cortical Index Classification Using Dental Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Findings: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study

The prevalence of osteoporosis is high, reportedly affecting 200 million people worldwide. A major problem associated with osteoporosis is that femoral fractures cause a decline in general function and loss of independence, greatly reducing patients' quality of life. Notably, osteoporosis is an asymptomatic chronic metabolic disease, and its detection is thus often delayed. Interestingly, mandibular cortical index (MCI) classification using dental panoramic radiography is reportedly useful for early detection of osteoporosis. However, this visual classification method can lead to differences in diagnoses among surgeons. The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and examine an objective MCI classification using the findings obtained. MCI classification (classified as C1, C2, or C3) was performed by three examiners on 70 women (91 sites) aged >= 20 years. The mandibular cortical width of all sites was measured using CBCT images. The results showed that the mandibular cortical width was not particularly correlated with age or number of present teeth, and no significant quantitative differences were found between C1 and C2. However, coronal CBCT images of C2 revealed multiple characteristic trabecular bone structures. These structures may be an important finding affecting the classification of two-dimensional dental panoramic radiography images.