A cellular and spatial atlas ofTP53-associated tissue remodeling in lung adenocarcinoma

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene across many cancers and is associated with shorter survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To understand how TP53 -mutant ( TP53mut ) malignant cells interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME) at a molecular, cellular, and tissue level, we built a multi-omic cellular and spatial tumor atlas of 23 treatment-naïve NSCLC human tumors. We identified significant differences in malignant expression programs and spatial cell-cell interactions between TP53mut and TP53WT tumors and found that highly-entropic TP53mut malignant cells lose alveolar identity and coincide with an increased abundance of exhausted T cells and immune checkpoint interactions with implications for response to checkpoint blockade. We also identified a multicellular, pro-metastatic, hypoxic tumor niche, where highly-plastic, TP53mut malignant cells expressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs associate with SPP1 + myeloid cells and collagen-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts. Our approach can be further applied to investigate mutation-specific TME changes in other solid tumors.