First Report of Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla on Atractylodes lancea in Hubei Province, China

HomePlant DiseaseAhead of PrintFirst Report of Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla on Atractylodes lancea in Hubei Province, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla on Atractylodes lancea in Hubei Province, ChinaXiao Huang, Chunchao Yan, Lei Chen, Lina Chen, Meng Wang, Xin Chen, Juan Deng, Ling Gong, and Kun YuXiao HuangCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Chunchao YanCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Lei ChenCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Lina ChenCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Meng WangCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xin ChenHubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Juan DengCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Ling Gong†Corresponding authors: L. Gong; E-mail Address: [email protected], and K. Yu; E-mail Address: [email protected]College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Kun Yu†Corresponding authors: L. Gong; E-mail Address: [email protected], and K. Yu; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-4431College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Xiao Huang1 2 Chunchao Yan1 Lei Chen1 Lina Chen1 Meng Wang1 Xin Chen2 Juan Deng1 Ling Gong1 † Kun Yu1 2 † 1College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China Published Online:16 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0930-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleAtractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a well-known plant with medicinal and economic value; currently more than 6,000 ha are planted in China. The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne hapla is an important pathogen on A. lancea. In September 2019, A. lancea plants exhibiting symptoms of severe stunting and gall formation in the roots associated with RKN (Meloidogyne spp.) were detected in a commercial field in Yingshan, Hubei Province, China (30.96°N; 115.94°E). Females and second-stage juveniles (J2s) collected from roots had the following morphometric characteristics: females (n = 20) were pear-shaped, the front part of the worm had a prominent neck, and the stylet was short and obvious. The perineal pattern of females was generally round-hexagonal or round, with a squared-off dorsal arch or a rounded-off arch, some had lateral lines marked (Eisenback et al. 1980). Body length (L) = 750.49 ± 87.02 μm (578.75 to 902.65 μm), maximum body width (W) = 471.97 ± 70.95 μm (318.7 to 586.3 μm), stylet length = 15.18 ± 0.96 μm (13.52 to 17.04 μm), dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to stylet base (DGO) = 3.07 ± 0.37 μm (2.60 to 3.80 μm). J2s (n = 20): L = 480.05 ± 42.73 μm (375.3 to 552.5 μm), stylet length = 12.59 ± 1.39 μm (10.5 to 16.8 μm), tail length = 53.35 ± 1.55 μm (51.8 to 54.9 μm), hyaline tail terminus = 11.45 ± 0.65 μm (10.2 to 12.1 μm). The morphological characteristics matched the original description of M. hapla (Chitwood 1949). Males were not found. Matrix code for the polytomous key proposed by Castillo et al. (2021): Female: A23, B43, C213, D1 (A, body length; B, stylet length; C, excretory pore position in the female in relation to the stylet length (EP/ST) ratio; D, perineal pattern morphology); J2: A3, B3, C34, D324, E32, F3 (A, body length; B, stylet length; C, tail length; D, hyaline region length; E, long tail length to short tail length ratio; F, long hyaline region length to short hyaline region length ratio). DNA extracted from six individual females was used for species identification, and 28S rDNA D2/D3 universal primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) were used (Nunn 1992). The DNA fragment obtained showed that the amplified sequences of the D2/D3 region (GenBank acc. no. MZ 570969, 769 bp) shared 100% homology with the sequences of M. hapla (MN752204.1, MN752204.1, and MN752204.1). Furthermore, species-specific SCAR primers JMV1 (5′-GGATGGCGTGCTTTCAAC-3′) and JMV hapla (5′-AAAAATCCCCTCGAAAAATCCACC-3′) were used as described by Dong et al. (2015). PCR produced 442-bp sequences. Fragments were sequenced (acc. no. OM 864510, 442 bp) and compared with available sequences on NCBI. Sequences were 99 to 100% identical to the M. hapla sequences (AJ421708.1, GQ130137.1, and AJ421707.1). To verify M. hapla pathogenicity on A. lancea, 10 RKN-free A. lancea seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots. After 21 days, the roots of eight plants were inoculated with 1,200 J2s and eggs of M. hapla that were the same isolate collected from the field per plant and two uninoculated plants were used as controls. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C and 70% relative humidity with a 12-h light/dark photoperiod. After 70 days, all inoculated plants exhibited stunting and had scarce galling on roots. This is similar to field-grown plants. No galling or symptoms were observed on control plants. The nematode reproduction factor (final population/initial population) was 2.3. These results confirmed that the RKN population on A. lancea was M. hapla. The rhizome yields and quality of A. lancea infected by M. hapla were seriously affected, which caused severe economic losses. Moreover, the infected plants were more susceptible to some bacterial and fungal diseases, such as root rot disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. lancea as a host of M. hapla in Hubei.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Castillo, P., et al. 2021. Systematics of Root-Knot Nematodes (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae). Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. Google ScholarChitwood, B. G. 1949. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 16:90. Google ScholarDong, Y., et al. 2015. Plant Dis. 99:1654. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-15-0315-pdn Link, ISI, Google ScholarEisenback, J. D., et al. 1980. J. Nematol. 12:300. ISI, Google ScholarNunn, G. 1992. Nematode Molecular Evolution: An Investigation of Evolutionary Patterns Among Nematodes Based upon DNA Sequences. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. Google ScholarX. Huang and C. Yan contributed equally to this work.Funding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 32000254 and 31670341) and the project of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (2020ZZX002).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Just PublishedSubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Published: 16 Feb 2023First Look: 16 Aug 2022Accepted: 9 Aug 2022 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 32000254Grant/Award Number: 31670341Hubei University of Chinese MedicineGrant/Award Number: 2020ZZX002KeywordsAtractylodes lanceaidentificationMeloidogyne haplaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download