Leadless Epicardial Pacing at the Ventricular Apex: An Animal Study

Background: State-of-the-art pacemaker implantation technique in small children consists of pace-/sense electrodes attached to the epicardium and a pulse generator in the abdominal wall with a high rate of dysfunction during growth. Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility to place a leadless pacemaker at the ventricular epicardium in an animal model.