Preoperative simulation using three-dimensional printer in four temporal bone surgeries
Authorea (Authorea)(2023)
摘要
It is difficult to anatomically understand the three-dimensional structure of the middle ear and temporal bone during surgery, and great surgical technique are required. Therefore, complications are avoided through simulation using a three-dimensional printer, which was effective in not only safe and reliable surgery but also educating young physicians.
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关键词
preoperative simulation,temporal bone,three-dimensional
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