Bionanocatalysts as Green Catalysts

To satisfy the ever-increasing energy demand, the exploitation of fossil fuel is consistently increasing, despite it being a scarce non-renewable resource. This overexploitation also contributes to global warming resulting in climate change. Thus, the demand for alternative energy sources which are renewable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly has taken on a new dimension. Biofuel is one of the renewable forms of energy that can replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources. The availability, wide diversity and benefits against environmental pollution of biomass make biofuel production a promising source of clean energy. Recently, the use of bionanocatalysts (BNCs) for the production of biofuels has emerged as a promising technology as they have wide applications in green chemistry and environmental issues. BNCs are low-cost catalysts from which products and catalysts can be effectively separated; also, the use of BNCs eliminates quenching and offers an environment for continuous production. BNCs have unsurpassed opportunities for the sustainable development goals of affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern sources of energy. Therefore, this book chapter focuses on BNC design, types, biocatalytic activity, stability and their various applications for biofuel production.