Crop modeling suggests limited transpiration would increase yield of sorghum across drought-prone regions of the United States

ABSTRACT Breeding sorghum for drought adaptation is pivotal to secure crop production in drought-prone regions. Limited transpiration (LT) restricts water demand at high vapor pressure deficit, saving water for use in critical periods later in the growing season. Here we evaluated the hypothesis that LT would increase sorghum grain yield in the United States. We used a process-based crop model, APSIM, which simulates interactions of genotype, environment, and management (G × E × M). In this study, the G component includes the LT trait (G T ) and maturity group (G M ), the E component entails water deficit patterns, and the M component represents different planting dates. Simulations were conducted over 33 years (1986-2018) for representative locations across the US sorghum belt (Kansas, Texas, and Colorado) for three planting dates and maturity groups. The interaction of G T x E indicated a higher impact of LT sorghum on grain for LD, MD, and ED (8%), than on WW environments (4%). Thus significant impacts of LT can be achieved in western regions of the sorghum belt. Otherwise, the lack of interaction of G T × G M × M suggested that an LT sorghum would increase yield by around 8% across maturity groups and planting dates. Although the interaction G M × M revealed that specific combinations are better suited across geographical regions. Overall, the findings suggest that breeding for LT would increase sorghum yield in the drought-prone areas of the US without tradeoffs.