Chapter 10 Water integration applied to microalgaebased systems

Microalgae-based systems have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable production of food, feed, and biofuels. However, water stress and scarcity are major challenges that limit the viability and scalability of microalgae production. To address this challenge, water integration has been proposed as a means to optimize water use efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of microalgae-based systems. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on water integration in microalgae- based systems, with a focus on different types of microalgae cultivation systems, process integration for water optimization, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of microalgae-based systems. The chapter concludes with research gaps and future directions in water integration and LCA of microalgae-based systems.