Management of acute non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive highly heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder where non-motor symptoms (NMS) are present from the prodromal to the palliative stage. Recent clinical research suggests the existence of several specific nonmotor endophenotypes in PD dominated by a cluster of specific NMS. While most NMS are chronic in nature and development some may present in an acute setting. Documentation of acute non-motor emergencies is sparse, despite the possibility of several acute non-motor emergencies, ranging from acute depression to acute psychosis and consequences of acute abdomen, arising. These non-motor complications, their clinical presentation, and management are described here, some of which have been categorized according to the recently proposed non-motor subtypes. Recognition of these acute non-motor complications may be challenging, often due to overlapping symptoms, however, is essential to proceed with their timely management and prevent further serious affliction.