Osteosarcopenia and arterial hypertension: current approaches to the problem

Osteosarcopenia is characterized by a combination of low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and reduced bone mineral density (osteopenia/osteoporosis). The results of scientific studies conducted in recent years indicate the existence of a relationship between arterial hypertension, disorders of bone metabolism and / or sarcopenia. In particular, it is known that systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance are involved in the development and progression of both arterial hypertension and sarcopenia. The same factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteopenia and osteoporosis, and the pathological mechanisms underlying the increase in blood pressure, as shown in experimental and clinical studies, can additionally influence the decrease in bone mineral density. This review outlines the current understanding of the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, and possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia in patients with arterial hypertension.