Diagnosis of Influenza A Virus: Current Molecular Tools
Future virology(2023)
Abstract
Future VirologyVol. 18, No. 11 EditorialDiagnosis of influenza A virus: current molecular toolsSanjit Boora‡, Anish Khan‡ & Samander KaushikSanjit Boora‡ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-6759Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India‡These authors contributed equally to this workSearch for more papers by this author, Anish Khan‡ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5442-3103Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India‡These authors contributed equally to this workSearch for more papers by this author & Samander Kaushik *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +91 901 773 3717; E-mail Address: samanderkaushik@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-6383Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:16 Aug 2023https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2023-0091AboutSectionsView ArticleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail View articleKeywords: DiagnosisELISAH1N1H3N2Influenza A VirusLAMPRIDTsRT-PCRPapers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interestReferences1. Imperia E, Bazzani L, Scarpa F et al. Avian Influenza: Could the H5N1 Virus Be a Potential Next Threat?. Microbiol. Res. 14(2), 635–645 (2023).Crossref, CAS, Google Scholar2. World Health Organization. Influenza (2023). https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-policy-and-standards/standards-and-specifications/vaccines-quality/influenzaGoogle Scholar3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC, National Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) (2023). https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htmGoogle Scholar4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Types of influenza viruses (2016). https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htmGoogle Scholar5. World Health Organization. 2010 - India WHO (2023). https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2010_08_06-enGoogle Scholar6. Thompson AJ, Paulson JC. Adaptation of influenza viruses to human airway receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 296, 100017 (2021).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar7. Marinelli TM, Kumar D. Influenza Virus Infection and Transplantation. Transplantation 105(5), 968–978 (2021). •• RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay is cost-effective than PCR/M-PCR assayCrossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar8. Boora S, Khan A, Sharma V et al. RT-LAMP is a potential future molecular diagnostic tool for influenza A virus. Future Virol. 18(3), 165–175 (2023).Link, CAS, Google Scholar9. Wang C, Liu M, Wang Z et al. Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases: from methods to devices. Nano. Today. 37, 101092 (2021).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar10. Al Khatib HA, Al Thani AA, Gallouzi I, Yassine HM. Epidemiological and genetic characterization of pH1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in MENA region during 2009–2017. BMC Infect. Dis. 19(1), 1–22 (2019)Medline, Google Scholar11. Tiong V, Hassandarvish P, Bakar SA et al. The effectiveness of various gargle formulations and salt water against SARS-CoV-2. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 1–7 (2021).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar12. McAdam AJ, Riley AM. Developments in tissue culture detection of respiratory viruses. Clin. Lab. Med. 29(4), 623–634 (2009). •• RT-LAMP is best techniques used for the influenza A virus and its sub typing detectionCrossref, Medline, Google Scholar13. Sharma V, Chaudhry D, Kaushik S. Evaluation of clinical applicability of reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection and subtyping of Influenza A viruses. J. Virol. Methods 253, 18–25 (2018).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar14. Courtney SJ, Stromberg ZR, Kubicek-Sutherland JZ. Nucleic acid-based sensing techniques for diagnostics and surveillance of influenza. Biosensors. 11(2), 47 (2021). •• Real-time PCR machine is high-cost as compared to dry water bath.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar15. Khan A, Singh R, Sharma S et al. Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis by immuno-PCR assay based on mycobacterial antigen 85 complex detection. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 74(1), 17–26 (2022). •• PCR/M-PCR technique is less sensitive (i.e., 10-fold) than HNB-based LAMP assay.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar16. Khan A, Kamra E, Singh R et al. Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis: multi-targeted loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay versus multiplex PCR. Future. Microbiol. 16(13), 935–948 (2021). • Rapid antigens tests have their own limitations.Link, CAS, Google Scholar17. Louie JK, Guevara H, Boston E et al. Rapid influenza antigen test for diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16(5), 824–826 (2010). • LAMP is simple, sensitive and specific assay for the detection of DNA/RNA.Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar18. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 28(12), e63 (2000).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar19. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of Influenza Testing Methods. CDC (2023). https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/overview-testing-methods.htm • Serological and molecular assays also have their own merits and demerits.Google Scholar20. Stephenson I, Heath A, Major D et al. Reproducibility of serologic assays for influenza virus A (H5N1). Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15(8), 1250–1259 (2009).Crossref, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 18, No. 11 STAY CONNECTED Metrics Downloaded 7 times History Received 6 May 2023 Accepted 1 August 2023 Published online 16 August 2023 Published in print August 2023 Information© 2023 Future Medicine LtdKeywordsDiagnosisELISAH1N1H3N2Influenza A VirusLAMPRIDTsRT-PCRFinancial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.PDF download
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