Solid oxide fuel cells for vehicles

Modern transportation relies mainly on fossil fuels, contributing roughly a third of carbon emissions. Prompted by the urgent need to reach carbon neutrality, substantial efforts have been made to drive transportation via clean electrification and carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been less explored for transportation compared to low-temperature fuel cells, due to various limitations mainly imposed by their high-temperature operation, including slow start-up and thermal stress-driven durability issues. However, they have gained significant recent attention, especially for the application of large-scale, long-distance transportation where their fuel flexibility and high efficiency can be highly beneficial. In this chapter, we review recent efforts in propelling relevant research and deploying SOFC-based systems for transportation.