Review and Challenges of Green Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Materials

The requirement for recyclable materials has arisen due to environmental degradation from non-biodegradable materials. Polymer materials have long been recognized as useful for a wide range of applications; however, a lack of comprehension of such materials has severely limited their use. Even so, as the trend has shifted, polymer materials have progressively displaced other components in the majority of cases. Polymer-based materials have recently become the first-choice substances for a spectrum of uses, thanks to advances in research and understanding, and are rapidly substituting many substances. Polymer composites have progressively replaced metallic materials due to their appealing properties in terms of processability, good strength, heat resistance, and simplicity of molding into multiple design shapes. Carbon nanotubes, nanoclay, and nanographene are the nanoparticles discussed in this study. The researched material systems that generate polymer nanocomposites are examined independently and collectively, demonstrating their scientific advancements. The basic mechanical characteristics described by past research, such as tension, compressive strength, endurance, toughness, and flexural modulus, are evaluated to demonstrate the amount of reinforcement employed and the associated improvements made after processing. Furthermore, the review attempts to broaden the boundaries of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric nanocomposite usage with a view toward potential future possibilities.