Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Innovation in Wastewater Treatment Plant: From Economic Perspective

Non-renewable resources such as petroleum and fossil had reached their limit as the people's population increased yearly. The scarce and limited resources will make these non-renewable assets more expensive in the future, and it is also limited to certain people. Hence, government and all related entities need to find an alternative solution to solve the problem. It is to ensure all people receive the necessity equally and fairly. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the alternatives in the market that is available to be explored in depth to replace the scarcity of resources. MFC is an innovative electrical power that treats wastewater and other applications through the organic substrates of bacteria-driven oxidation. MFCs are developed by using various materials and a diversity of configurations. It is a capable technology that could be implemented in many applications with broader market expansion. However, developing MFCs, especially the capital cost, is not as cheap as the conventional power supply. Hence, the MFCs manufacturers, producers, and researchers need to find ways to reduce the cost and increase their efficiency to sustain the market for a more extended period. This situation has been explored in the chapter.