Complementing or competing with public transit? Evaluating the parameter sensitivity of potential Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)urban users in Germany, the Czech Republic,Poland, and the United Kingdom with a mixed choice model

Abstract In this study we conduct a large survey (n=6,405) on urban daily commuters in four European countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, Poland, and the Czech Republic), we add richness to our understanding of who will use Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) options and what relationship MaaS has with public transit in terms of choosing how to travel. We explored how sensitive participants were to changes in pricing and travel times, and also examined how likely different kinds of participants, grouped into segments (user groups) with similar characterizes, were to public transportation, MaaS, or private cars. We concluded that the basic mobility factors such as price and travel time can increase the likelihood of using a certain option, as we notably observed in the “Unspecified Users” group. Our complex approach, combining several mathematical modelling tools, provided insight into the choices people make into choosing among different travel options, and our findings may be leveraged by decision makers to create better, more informed approaches towards promoting sustainable alternatives to car use in urban settings.