Challenges and Opportunities for Green Energy Harvesting in Sustainable IoT Systems

The process of catching, storing, and conditioning environmental and residual energies for future use is known as energy harvesting. In order to enable energy-efficient IoT, green solutions are critical. When the IoT devices are created and deployed, they must take into account their long-term and self-sustaining functioning. Among these, battery-operated gadgets have the advantage of being able to take advantage of energy harvesting possibilities. All of these techniques and trends are combined in order to power various IoT devices. The use of energy harvesting technology presents an eco-friendly option that can prolong the lifespan of sensors and potentially eliminate the necessity for battery power in specific scenarios. Most of these energy gathering technologies are used in IoT applications, either separately or in blended modes. To summarize, in the IoT ecosystem, these green energy harvesting processes have a long essential voyage of key role to play in increasing IoT device lifetime by providing a viable way to power up the batteries. The main theme of this chapter lies in summarizing and analyzing the existing energy-related techniques with the efficiency of green energy harvesting techniques in the field of IoT. A number of practical energy harvester implementations that supply power to drive Internet of Things devices are surveyed. Energy harvesting technology, however, is not yet widely used worldwide due to a number of technological constraints.