Accurate measures of regional lung air volumes from chest X-rays of small animals

We present a robust technique for calculating regional volume changes within the lung from X-ray radiograph sequences captured during ventilation, without the use of computed tomography (CT). This technique is based on the change in transmitted X-ray intensity that occurs for each lung region as air displaces the attenuating lung tissue. Lung air volumes calculated from X-ray intensity changes showed a strong correlation ($R^2$=0.98) against the true volumes, measured from high-resolution CT. This correlation enables us to accurately convert projected intensity data into relative changes in lung air volume. We have applied this technique to measure changes in regional lung volumes from X-ray image sequences of mechanically ventilated, recently-deceased newborn rabbits, without the use of CT. This method is suitable for biomedical research studies and shows potential for clinical application.