LC-MS/MS metabolomics profiling of Glechoma hederacea L. methanolic extract; in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo with in silico wound healing studies on Staphylococcus aureus infected rat skin wound

LC-MS/MS analysis of Glechoma hederacea L. methanolic extract (GHME), revealed the identification of 25 metabolites. Ursolic acid (1), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid or corosolic acid (2), 2β-hydroxyursolic acid or epi-corosolic (3), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and rosmarinic acid (5) were isolated and identified using spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity of GHME against multi drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates was measured. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were ranged from 62.5 to 500 µg/ml. In vivo wound healing potential of 2%, and 5% GHME prepared hydrogels were criticized on Staphylococcus aureus infected wound rat model. 5% GHME prepared hydrogel treated group showed significant (p < 0.05) shrinkage of their colony forming unit/ml (CFU/ml) values in comparison with standard Fucidin. Meanwhile, wound closure associated with full re-epithelization and hair follicles proliferation was noticed after ten days of treatment. Finally, among the GHME isolated compounds, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) exhibited the highest molecular docking score (-9.6 kcal/mol) against matrix metalloproteinase-8 target (MMP-8).