Chemical equilibrium

This chapter talks about a sign of the change in Gibbs energy for a reaction that can be used to predict whether or not the reaction is spontaneous. The size of the Gibbs energy changes allows quantitative predictions about the equilibrium composition of the reaction mixture to be made. The chapter defines and demonstrates how to use the three types of equilibrium constant: Kc, Kp, and the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, including the reaction quotient. It explains how the equilibrium constant and composition change when experimental conditions such as pressure, concentration, and temperature are varied. The application equilibrium thermodynamics to real chemical situations are also covered.