Minimum inertial demand estimation of renewable energy considering new power system frequency constraints using sparrow search algorithm

With the proposal of a "dual carbon strategy " and the rising share of renewable energy sources, the resulting low-inertia problem has seriously affected the frequency stability of new power systems. This paper proposes a minimum inertial demand estimation of renewable energy considering new power system frequency constraints to enhance the power system inertia situational awareness and clarify the system operation boundary. Firstly, the frequency response model with multi-source renewable energy units and the time-domain mathematical expressions are established, and the frequency constraints and inertial demand of new power systems are given. The minimum inertial demand estimation model is constructed on this basis, which can be solved by the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Ultimately, the applicability and practicality of the suggested approach are demonstrated and verified in IEEE 39-bus system. The case study results demonstrate the process can accurately calculate the inertial demand of renewable energy side considering system frequency constraints and give guidance for the stable operation of new power systems.