Dynamique Spatio-Temporelle de l’Occupation des Berges de la Lagune Gbaga (Afrique de l’Ouest)
International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies(2020)
Abstract
Resume - La degradation des berges lagunaires resulte de l’essor demographique et du desir de satisfaction des besoins vitaux. Cette etude vise a analyser entre 1986, 2000 et 2018, la dynamique paysagere des berges de la lagune Gbaga du sud-ouest du Benin au sud-est du Togo. L’analyse statistique des donnees socio-anthropologiques issues des investigations menees sur le terrain et celles demographiques du premier au quatrieme recensement des populations et de l’habitat obtenues a l’INSAE au Benin et a l’INSEED au Togo, ont permis d’analyser la dynamique des berges de ladite lagune. En suite les donnees planimetriques issus des images spot de 1986, 2000 et 2018, de la teledetection et d’un systeme d’information geographique et du Centre National de Teledetection d’autre part, ont permis d’evaluer l’evolution des differentes unites d’occupation. L’analyse des resultats a permis de constater une regression des mangroves (-181,09 en 2000 et -125,17 en 2018) ; formation marecageuse (-276,77 en 2000 et -726,83 en 2018), riviere Gbaga (-124,60 en 2000 et -4,65 en 2018) et de la plage sablonneuse (-91,15 en 2000 et -39,91 en 2018) ; au profit d’une progression des plantations (192,64 en 2000 et 299,34 en 2018), champs et jacheres sous palmeraie (3,13 en 2000 et 169,62 en 2018), cultures maraicheres (54,46 en 2000 et 173,42 en 2018) et agglomerations (341,48 en 2000 et 378,28 en 2018). Face a ces degradations, des strategies de protection et de conservation des ecosystemes ont ete adoptees aux fins de sauvegarder ces ressources naturelles en voie de disparition. Mots cles - lagune Gbaga, berge, dynamique, occupation, sol, degradation. Abstract - The degradation of the lagoon shores is the result of population growth and the desire to meet basic needs. This study aims to analyze between 1986, 2000 and 2018, the landscape dynamics of the banks of the Gbaga lagoon from southwestern Benin to southeastern Togo. The statistical analysis of socio-anthropological data resulting from investigations carried out in the field and demographic data from the first to the fourth census of populations and housing obtained at INSAE in Benin and INSEED in Togo, made it possible to analyze the dynamics of the banks of the said lagoon. Then the planimetric data from spot images of 1986, 2000 and 2018, remote sensing and a geographic information system and the National Remote Sensing Center on the other hand, made it possible to assess the evolution of the different units of occupation. Analysis of the results showed a regression of mangroves (-181.09 in 2000 and -125.17 in 2018); swamp formation (-276.77 in 2000 and -726.83 in 2018), Gbaga river (-124.60 in 2000 and -4.65 in 2018) and the sandy beach (-91.15 in 2000 and -39 , 91 in 2018); in favor of an increase in plantations (192.64 in 2000 and 299.34 in 2018), fields and fallow under palm groves (3.13 in 2000 and 169.62 in 2018), market gardening (54.46 in 2000 and 173.42 in 2018) and agglomerations (341.48 in 2000 and 378.28 in 2018). Faced with these degradations, strategies for the protection and conservation of ecosystems have been adopted in order to safeguard these endangered natural resources. Keywords - Gbaga lagoon, bank, dynamics, occupation, soil, degradation.
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Key words
la,de,spatio-temporelle
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