Особенности социально-психологической реабилитации спортсменов-параолимпийцев, которые специализируются в пауэрлифтинге

The aim of the study – to evaluate the psychological approach to the social and psychological rehabilitation of paralympic athletes negatively experienced subjective loneliness. Materials and methods are based on theoretical and empirical data, which include the history of the loneliness phenomenon and its modern understanding study. Negative experiences requiring rehabilitation were determined using psychological methods: “Questionnaire for determining the type of loneliness” (S. Korchaginа), “Methods for the subjective feeling of loneliness” (D. Russell, M. Ferguson), “Methods for diagnosing character accentuations” (Leonhard-Shmishyok in the modification A. Lychko), test “Neuropsychic Adaptation” (S. Korchagina at V. Bekhterev Research Institute) with subsequent computer processing of the results using the software package Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). The study enrolled 50 paralympic athletes aged 18 to 24, who were engaged in powerlifting. Results. Significant intercorrelations between subjective feelings of loneliness and its varieties were found (r = 0.3–0.5) based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, which allowed to consider subjective loneliness as an independent internal phenomenon. The experience of diffuse loneliness did not reveal a significant correlation (r = -0.153) with the subjective state of paralympic athletes. Two directions, which provide a mechanism of development and rehabilitation taking into account the type of loneliness, were identified. The first was the desire to be with others, identification with them through the correction of their own personality. The second one, as a result of the first, was the coping with feeling of loneliness and lack of meaning in life. Conclusions. It was established that the feeling of subjective loneliness negative experiences was associated with the deterioration of neuropsychiatric adaptation and required the socio-psychological rehabilitation of paralympic athletes who specialized in powerlifting. The significant positive relationship between diffuse loneliness and the emotional type of character accentuation in an athlete was proved. It was determined that in the process of the negative experiences of subjective loneliness rehabilitation for paralympic athletes specializing in powerlifting, it is important to consider the types of loneliness which are associated with the psychological state deterioration, which will allow to broaden the understanding of this phenomenon and increase in efficiency of rehabilitation measures.