The Gastroprotective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Monolluma quadrangula against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Sprague Dawley Rats [Retraction]

Ibrahim IAA, Abdulla M, Hajrezaei M, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:93–105. We, the Editors and Publisher of Drug Design, Development and Therapy, have retracted the following article. Following publication of the article, concerns were raised about the duplication of images from Figures 1, 3, 5 and 6 with images from other unrelated articles. Specifically, The image for Figure 1, Vehicle, Liver, has been duplicated with the image for Figure 5, Liver, Control from Manaharan T, Chakravarthi S, Radhakrishnan AK, Palanisamy UD. In vivo toxicity evaluation of a standardized extract of Syzygium aqueum leaf. Toxicology Reports. 2014;1:718-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.09.006. The image for Figure 3D, has been duplicated with the image for Figure 11c, (I) H&E stain, from Salama S, Gwaram N, AlRashdi A, et al. A Zinc Morpholine Complex Prevents HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in a Rat Model. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29646. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29646. The image for Figure 5A, has been duplicated with the image for Figure 10, G1, from AL-Wajeeh NS, Halabi MF, Hajrezaie M, et al. The Gastroprotective Effect of Vitex pubescens Leaf Extract against Ethanol-Provoked Gastric Mucosal Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0157431. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157431 (RETRACTED). The image for Figure 6A, has been duplicated with the image for Figure 4a, from Ismail IF, Golbabapour S, Hassandarvish P, et al. Gastroprotective Activity of Polygonum chinense Aqueous Leaf Extract on Ethanol-Induced Hemorrhagic Mucosal Lesions in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012:404012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/404012. The authors did respond to our queries but were unable to provide an explanation for the duplicated images or provide data for the study. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article and the authors were notified of this. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.