Femtosecond Laser Preparation and Biomineralizability of ZrO₂ Ceramic Woven Surfaces

Improving the biomineralization of the ZrO2 ceramics surface is of great significance for field of dentistry. A femtosecond laser is used to prepare micro-nano structures on the surface of the ZrO2 ceramics. The contact angle, micromorphology, and chemical composition of the material surface are characterized using a contact angle measurement instrument, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The changes of surface wettability of different samples areanalyzed, and the biomineralization of different micropit surfaces is evaluated through hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition experiments. The results show that the deposition effect of the femtosecond laser-textured surface is better than that of the original surface. Femtosecond laser processing improves the surface of the material, providing additional nucleation sites for HA, which is conducive to its growth and improvement of deposition efficiency. HA deposited on hydrophobic surfaces consists of a small amount of rod-shaped and spherical particles. While the deposition effect on hydrophilic surfaces is significantly improved, the deposited particles on hydrophilic surfaces are rod-shaped and stacked into spherical shapes, growing into pieces after combining, and the particle number increases, the density increases, and they completely cover the textured surface. This study provides a theoretical reference and experimental basis for improving its biomineralization.