The Role of PPAR Gene Polymorphisms, Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Progress and Future Prospects

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in studies investigating the relationship between the polymorphisms of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) gene and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). PPAR gamma, a critical transcription factor, plays a central role in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory response. Concurrently, the influence of gut microbiota on the development of T2D has gained increasing attention, especially their role in affecting host metabolism, such as lipid metabolism and the PPAR gamma signaling pathway. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent studies on PPAR gamma gene polymorphisms and their association with T2D, with a specific emphasis on the implications of gut microbiota and their interaction with PPAR gamma pathways. We also discuss the potential of manipulating gut microbiota and targeting PPAR gamma gene polymorphisms in T2D management. By deepening our understanding of these relationships, we aim to pave the way for novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for T2D.