Investigation on transition characteristics of laminar separation bubble on a hydrofoil

The phenomenon of water-jet pump stall can be ascribed to the development of blade boundary layer separation with the transition process playing a significant role in this separation. The hydrofoil is usually used as a simplified model of the water-jet pump impeller blade, and its flow field characteristics have important reference values for analyzing the impeller flow. Based on the transition model and the dynamic mode decomposition method, this article presents the results of a study that was carried out on the stall characteristics of the NACA0009 blunt trailing edge hydrofoil. The transition characteristics of hydrofoil surfaces at different angles of attack (AoA)and Chord-based Reynolds numbers (Re-L) are obtained. The hydrofoil boundary layer transition is dominated by natural transition as the AoA is less than 4 degrees, while the transition is dominated by leading-edge separation-induced transition as the AoA is greater than 4(degrees). The investigation yields the dynamic properties of the LSB (Laminar Separation Bubble) as the AoA is varied. The phenomenon known as the deep stall is distinguished by the movement of the stall vortex toward the upstream direction near the trailing-edge region, where it merges with the LSB in the leading-edge region. This phenomenon leads to oscillations in the lift and drag coefficients. The relationship between the LSB and the trailing-edge stall vortex is established using DMD (Dynamic Mode Decomposition) methods. As the phenomenon of the deep stall occurs, it can be observed that the modal energy of the leading-edge LSB is comparatively higher than the modal energy of the trailing-edge stall vortex, inducing the dominant role of the LSB and the movement toward the trailing-edge region and, consequently, the phenomenon of trailing-edge vortex shedding in the hydrofoil. The findings of this study could be guidance for the design of fluid machinery blades.