Effect of test conditions on the efficiency and hysteresis of Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells

With the continuous improvement of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the possible pollution of lead to the environment has become a significant. The appearance of tin-lead mixed PSCs reduces its toxicity. Still, tin-based perovskite materials are easy to oxidize and decompose in the air, which poses a challenge to evaluate its photoelectric performance in the test process correctly. Our work compared and analyzed the photoelectric performance of tin-lead mixed PSCs from the test environment and setting parameters. We discussed the effects of temperature, humidity, measurement delay time, measurement step, and bias voltage on the efficiency and hysteresis of tin-lead mixed PSCs. We summarized the standard test conditions applicable to tin-lead mixed PSCs. The reference of this test method will help to get accurate test results of tin-lead mixed PSCs and promote its further development.