Construction Progress Monitoring through the Integration of 4D BIM and SLAM-Based Mapping Devices

In the architecture, engineering and construction industry, site management during construction is a key phase. Scheduling activities and monitoring their progress allow any deviations from the schedule to be identified so that timely action can be taken. Until now, the monitoring phase has mainly been characterised by inspections in which the construction site manager manually collects data and produces a summary report. This proves to be a time-consuming process and is prone to errors. The authors propose an innovative construction progress monitoring method that combines BIM-based construction scheduling (4D BIM) with periodic geometric surveying using an indoor mobile mapping system (iMMS). Ten surveys were carried out on a real case study, producing point clouds to be compared with the 4D BIM, thereby comparing the as-built with the as-planned. The comparison was carried out using Sitemotion exploiting a custom class, the work breakdown structure (WBS), added to the BIM to associate each element with its scheduled construction date. The results show how the proposed method can effectively support the evaluation of construction progress, allowing the monitoring to be performed digitally and linked to the BIM. The paper details the proposed methodology, highlighting the problems encountered and suggesting adjustments for future implementation.