Mathematical modeling to investigate the influence of vaccination and booster doses on the spread of Omicron

The emergence of new variants, such as Omicron, has raised concerns regarding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the impact of vaccination and booster doses on Omicron transmission dynamics, considering various infection compartments. The model incorporates multiple compartments representing different stages of infection, including susceptible individuals, vaccinated individuals, boosted individuals, and those infected with Omicron. The infection dynamics are captured by parameters such as vaccine efficacy, vaccination with booster received efficacy, and infection rate. Using mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, we explore how different vaccination and booster strategies affect the spread of Omicron. The normalized sensitivity analysis method of R0 is investigated to understand the importance of parameters in disease transmission. Furthermore, we assess the influence of infection compartments, such as asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, on overall transmission dynamics.