Unravelling stakeholder narratives on nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction—a multi-site case study in Southeast and Central Europe

Abstract This study delves into the landscape of stakeholder narratives concerning the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating hydro-meteorological risks across five European river basin sites. Employing a hybrid approach of Q-methodology (N = 103) and narrative analysis, we identified four key narratives: optimist, sceptic, reformist, and pragmatist. These narratives reflect a spectrum of stakeholder values and attitudes towards NBS, from enthusiastic support to cautious scepticism. The optimists are hopeful about the multifaceted benefits of NBS, while sceptics raise concerns over its practicality and evidence of effectiveness. Reformists advocate for systemic improvements and transparent processes, whereas pragmatists emphasise tangible, immediate benefits and cost-effectiveness. Our findings underscore the importance of recognising and integrating this diversity of perspectives to develop NBS strategies that are resonant with stakeholders, thereby enhancing project acceptance and resilience against hydro-meteorological risks. Our findings provide an in-depth understanding of stakeholder views, contributing to a practical framework that aligns NBS projects with prevailing narratives. This comprehensive panorama of stakeholder perspectives offers valuable guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers, aiding in the navigation of the complex landscape of NBS implementation. It bridges the gap between academic insights and real-world applications, underscoring the critical role of stakeholder engagement in effective risk management and sustainable environmental strategies.