Nanostructured Li2S Cathodes for Silicon-Sulfur Batteries
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES(2023)
摘要
Lithium-sulfur batteries are regarded as an advantageous option for meeting the growing demand for high-energy-density storage, but their commercialization relies on solving the current limitations of both sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anodes. In this scenario, the implementation of lithium sulfide (Li2 S) cathodes compatible with alternative anode materials such as silicon has the potential to alleviate the safety concerns associated with lithium metal. In this direction, here, we report a sulfur cathode based on Li2 S nanocrystals grown on a catalytic host consisting of CoFeP nanoparticles supported on tubular carbon nitride. Nanosized Li2 S is incorporated into the host by a scalable liquid infiltration-evaporation method. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the CoFeP-CN composite can boost the polysulfide adsorption/conversion reaction kinetics and strongly reduce the initial overpotential activation barrier by stretching the Li-S bonds of Li2 S. Besides, the ultrasmall size of the Li2 S particles in the Li2 S-CoFeP-CN composite cathode facilitates the initial activation. Overall, the Li2 S-CoFeP-CN electrodes exhibit a low activation barrier of 2.56 V, a high initial capacity of 991 mA h gLi2 S -1, and outstanding cyclability with a small fading rate of 0.029% per cycle over 800 cycles. Moreover, Si/Li2 S full cells are assembled using the nanostructured Li2 S-CoFeP-CN cathode and a prelithiated anode based on graphite-supported silicon nanowires. These Si/Li2 S cells demonstrate high initial discharge capacities above 900 mA h gLi2 S -1 and good cyclability with a capacity fading rate of 0.28% per cycle over 150 cycles.
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关键词
carbon nitride,lithium-sulfur battery,lithium sulfide cathode,metal phosphide,polysulfides,silicon nanowire,sulfur cathode
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