The mechanism of ATF3 repression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and suppression of cell viability in cholangiocarcinoma via p53 signal pathway

Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the underlying mechanism of activating transcription factor 3 ( ATF3 ) on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). The differentially expressed mRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and its adjacent tissues were screened by microarray analysis, and the expression of ATF3 was detected through Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot. The expression of EMT markers and p53‐ related proteins was analysed by Western blot. Analyses using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 and TUNEL were performed to assess the rate of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Scratch wound and transwell assays were performed to study cell migration and invasion. Activating transcription factor 3 was restrained in CC cell lines and tissues and inhibited EMT while activating the p53 signalling pathway. Knockdown of ATF3 promoted cell proliferation but reduced the rate of apoptosis by inhibiting p53 signalling. Cell migration and invasion can be strengthened by ATF3 through activating the p53 signalling pathway.