Pediatric Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors of the Ovary

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are currently classified into 3 molecular subtypes: DICER1-mutant (younger patient age), FOXL2-mutant, and DICER1/FOXL2-wildtype. However, it is not clear whether all pediatric SLCTs are DICER1-mutant molecular subtypes and whether other molecular genetic aberrations besides DICER1 are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of these tumors. We studied comprehensive data for 8 cases of pediatric SLCTs, including clinicopathological features, pan-cancer-targeted next-generation sequencing/OncoKids panel, and chromosomal microarray analysis, to further analyze the correlation among clinicopathological features, molecular genetic aberrations, and prognosis. The ages of the patients ranged from 4 to 16 years (median, 14 y). Seven cases were moderately differentiated, and one was poorly differentiated with heterologous mesenchymal elements. Two cases had heterologous epithelium or retiform elements. Follow-up was available for all 8 patients (median, 49.5 mo). Seven patients were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and only case 5 developed metastases (synchronous bilateral pulmonary tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation). All 8 tumors were found to harbor somatic hotspot DICER1 mutations, and 5 patients carried germline DICER1 mutations (2 of them had the phenotype of DICER1 syndrome). Together with recent studies, the DICER1 mutation frequency is 100% in pediatric SLCTs (n=27, age <= 16 y). Copy number alterations were detected in 3 tumors; the only recurrent copy number alterations was the gain of whole chromosome 6 in case 5 and case 8. This is the first report describing clinicopathological features and molecular alterations in pediatric SLCTs. Our results demonstrate that all pediatric SLCTs belong to the DICER1-mutant molecular subtype, highlighting that somatic hotspot DICER1 mutation detection has high sensitivity (100%) for the auxiliary diagnosis of pediatric SLCTs (age <= 16 y). Some pediatric SLCTs harbor molecular genetic aberrations other than DICER1 mutation, and their significance needs further study.