HIV and Bone Health

Abstract With improved long-term survival among persons living with HIV (PWH), age-related comorbidities, including osteoporosis and fragility fractures, have become more prevalent. There are limited HIV-specific evidence-based recommendations regarding screening for bone disease, although extrapolation of screening recommendations from the general population is reasonable. This chapter delineates the prevalence of low bone mineral density and fractures in PWH and helps the learner to become familiar with the concept that metabolic bone disease is a common manifestation of HI infection with an increased risk of fracture. The learner will be able to discuss risk factors associate with diminished bone mineral density and fractures for PWH, understand screening indications and diagnostic tests used to identify bone disease among PWH, and identify current strategies for PWH who have low one-mineral density or have sustained bond fractures.