Comparative Evaluation of Apical Debris Extrusion from the Root Canal using Hand Files, Continuous Rotary Files and Reciprocating File System: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Root canal preparation is an important step of endodontic therapy. For successful endodontic therapy apical extrusion of debris through the apical foramen into the periradicular region should be minimal to avoid postoperative complication such as flare-ups. Aim: To evaluate in -vitro, extrusion of apical debris from the root canal using continuous rotary files (using multiple files system and single rotary file system), reciprocating file system and hand files. Materials and Methods: This in -vitro research was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MM college of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 120 human mandibular premolar teeth that were caries free and single -rooted were split into four groups (each group with n=30) Group I: Hand ProTaper, Group II: Protaper Universal, Group III: F360 and Group IV: WaveOne Gold file system. The root canal was instrumented according to manufacturer's Instructions; and standardised irrigation with distilled water was performed. The Myers and Montgomery's Model was employed to gather irrigant and debris that had been apically ejected. The analysis of data obtained was done using Posthoc Bonferroni test, Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and paired t -test. Results: The findings indicate that all instrumentation techniques produced significant amount of extruded debris and irrigant. The mean apical debris extrusion using the One-way ANOVA test showed significant difference (p -value <0.001). WaveOne Gold file group showed least (0.0005 +/- 0.0001 mg) and Hand ProTaper file showed maximum (0.0017 +/- 0.0002 mg) apical debris and irrigant extrusion. Conclusion: Less apical extrusion of irrigant and debris was observed in the engine -driven nickel -titanium systems than manual technique. Reciprocating file system when compared with hand and continuous rotary file system showed less debris extrusion.