Relationship among Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, Locomotive Syndrome, and Spinal Kyphosis in Older Individuals Living in a Local Mountain Area

Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Purpose: This study investigated the relationship among osteoporosis, sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and spinal kyphosis in older individuals living in a mountain area. Overview of Literature: Kyphosis greatly reduces the quality of life of older individuals. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are kyphosiscausing factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 361 individuals aged 12; n=229, 63.4%), M (kyphosis index: 12-15; n=99, 27.4%), and K (kyphosis index: 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An association factor of kyphosis (kyphosis index: _15) was investigated with logistic regression analysis. Results: Age and LOCOMO 5 scores were significantly higher (p<0.05) and %YAM and walking speed were significantly lower (p 0.05) in the K group than in the M and N groups. Other survey items showed significant differences. Only %YAM (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.96) was an independent factor associated with a kyphosis index of _15. Conclusions: Decreased muscle mass and muscle strength would be related to kyphosis; however, no such relations were noted. Bone loss was significantly related to kyphosis. Osteoporosis-induced decrease in vertebral body height is present in the background. Sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome were not related to kyphosis, whereas decreased bone density was independently associated with kyphosis in older individuals living in a mountain area.