A Goal Systems Approach to Risk Behavior

Abstract In this chapter, the authors demonstrate that the goals systems theory provides a general framework to integrate previous theorizing and findings about risk behavior and to address outstanding questions. The authors propose that risk behavior represents means to salient and important goals rather than irrational choice or self-regulatory failure and demonstrate that risk behavior follows the general principles of goal pursuit. Specifically, (1) risk behavior is enacted when perceived as instrumental to an individual’s goals, (2) engagement in risk behavior requires goal conflict resolution and may result in the inhibition of alternative considerations for health or safety, and (3) these processes are resource-dependent such that risk behavior might be enhanced rather than diminished in the presence of cognitive resources for control. The authors provide empirical evidence that risk-taking in general, and in particular substance use, risky sexual behavior, overeating, and self-harm, follow these principles.