Sperm quality evaluation and cryopreservation

Semen quality evaluation forms an integral part of assessment of the infertile couple. The semen sample must be assessed using standardized and reproducible techniques and ranges to ensure integrity of both clinical care and research. There are a range of basic, extended, and advanced techniques to analyze semen used in various centers. The World Health Organization reference range for the basic assessment of semen remains contentious as it was derived from a fertile population. Furthermore, the evidence base for some of the extended and advanced techniques is still evolving. Cryopreservation describes the process of chemically preserving male gametes for subsequent use, typically prior to treatment for cancer or as part of assisted reproductive techniques.