Recent advances on the therapeutic potential with Ocimum species against COVID-19: A review

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection starting from December 2019 raised global health concern. The negative effects of conventional medications, and the rise in antimicrobial resistance have prompted researchers to explore natural resources, particularly plants, which offer enormous potential as antiviral agents. Ocimum sanctum referred to as Tulsi, has been widely used in traditional Indian medicine. Several compounds with antiviral properties are present in essential oils and extracts multiple Ocimum species. Tulsi extracts are known to strengthen the immune system. Ocimum genus has been found to have antiviral properties against viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus 71, Parainfluenza virus type 3, Hepatitis C virus, and SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence of the bioactive phytocompounds from Tulsi as an effective alternative for the treatment of infections caused by coronaviruses. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the search for alternative antiviral treatments has gained huge importance. This review not only highlights the potential of Ocimum sanctum as a valuable natural resource but also provides insights into the molecular interactions of its bioactive compounds with SARS-CoV-2 targets. These findings hold promise for the development of novel antiviral agents, addressing the need for effective treatments against coronaviruses.