Spatial characteristic analysis of inertia response based on the relative gain array

This paper proposes a novel method to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of inertia response in power systems. Under the effect of grid topology and the inertia distribution of generators, the influence of power disturbance on frequency variations during inertia response has distinctive spatial characteristics. Compared with early studies, this paper focuses on spatial characteristics and presents a quantitative method to evaluate inertia response. This paper first builds an inertia response model that retains spatial distribution characteristics by adopting DC power flow. Then, it introduces the relative gain array (RGA) theory for calculating the relative gain array between the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and the active power disturbance during inertia response. Based on the magnitude and distribution of the relative gain array elements, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of inertia response, thus presenting a description of the spatial characteristics of inertia response. Simulation results of the IEEE 39-bus system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in evaluating the spatial characteristics of inertia response.