Synthesis and characterization of transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) doped tin oxide for magnetic and antimicrobial studies

Dilute magnetic semiconductor oxides (DMSOs) are attractive prospects for improved charge and spin degrees of freedom control. The current research presents an overview of the structural analysis and magnetic characteristics of DMSOs based on binary metal oxide nanomaterials with various ferromagnetic or paramagnetic dopants, such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, which display increased ferromagnetic behaviour at ambient temperature. The coprecipitation approach was used to create nanoparticle samples of pure SnO2, Sn0.97Mn0.03O2, Sn0.97Fe0.03O2, Sn0.97Co0.03O2, and Sn0.97Ni0.03O2. The emission spectra for the high, wide emission band are 366 nm and 655 nm. Room temperature magnetic hysteresis loops for Mn, Fe, and Ni-doped SnO2 indicate ferromagnetic behaviour when compared to pure and Co-doped SnO2, with Sn0.97Mn0.03O2, Sn0.97Fe0.07O2, and Sn0.97Ni0.03O2 samples exhibiting increased coercivity and retentivity. The antibacterial activity of pure SnO2, Sn0.97Mn0.03O2, Sn0.97Fe0.03O2, Sn0.97Co0.03O2, and Sn0.97Ni0.03O2 nanoparticles was determined.