An integrated adaptive bilateral filter-based framework and attention residual U-net for detecting polycystic ovary syndrome

•Present a review of machine learning applications for women’s healthcare.•Demonstrate ultrasound images are prone to poor and low quality and need pre-processing for enhancement.•Propose an adaptive bilateral filter-based framework for detecting polycystic ovaries.•Use an attention residual u-net model for feature extraction, segmentation, and identification of cysts in ultrasound images.•Present results for 2D images and multi-modal images and exhibit efficacy.