An integrated assessment framework of renewable based Microgrid deployment for remote isolated area electrification across different climatic zones and future grid extensions

Hybrid renewable energy systems are often used for rural electrification as an economic-eco-friendly choice. This study explores techno-economic, enviro-social, breakeven analysis and investigates how these systems can be used to achieve sustainable development goals. Geospatial analysis approach is used for the identification of unelectrified remote areas. Proposed PV-hydro with battery system for Chilas offered least NPC and LCOE of $402,481 and 0.120$/kWh, respectively. In contrast, PV with battery storage system offers highest NPC and LCOE of $485,144 and 0.189$/kWh. A customized debt financing business model is proposed in this study, which helps in the field of energy efficiency by setting allocation methods. It is estimated that deployment of renewable-based microgrids may reduce emissions by up to 99%. Maximum DG share of 9% is in Chitral, which produces 15,472 Kg/year of GHG emissions. Social impact assessment investigates how the deployment of energy projects will help to strengthen local economy. Breakeven analysis of the proposed energy system is also investigated in comparison to cost of the grid extension scenario. Robust analysis is performed to ensure technical reliability of proposed system. Sensitivity analysis investigates uncertain parameter effects across NPC and LCOE.